Money Market Compound Interest

Money exchange currency ‘Yen’ most solid record

Money exchange currency ‘Yen’ most solid record

Yen  exchange rate moved strongest record on December 17, amid rumors that the company and the insurance industry in Japan. Money must be immediately returned to the reconstruction and pay claims. The Bank of Japan to accelerate the infusion of liquidity into the money market to add another top 6 trillion yen (U.S. $ 76,000 million), while the Minister of Finance and Governor of the Bank AG -7 countries prepare national discussions on the 18th. On financial and economic impact of great earthquake disaster – tsunami. Min – nuclear crisis in Japan, however, the Minister denied that Japan came out. No need to leave the G -7 operating together to stop the surge of the yen.

Reuters news agency reported. Trading in Electronic Money Exchange DBS Asia on the morning of Thursday It appears that there are over one Yen, up just 76.25 yen to apply it to redeem $ 1 rise from levels close to 4% the day before and also record the appreciation of each other ever recorded. The record was made at 79.75 yen on April 19, 1995 Though later on the Thursday Japanese currency will weaken to the level of 79 yen per dollar neighborhood. Atmosphere of trading volume and volatility changes in relatively fast. Light of the money exchange rate

The same time, the Tokyo Stock Exchange early on Thursday in the Nikkei share index was down over 4% weight before rebounded back off the market and have some negative 1.4%.

Due to the uneasy about the critical nuclear power full loan Shima Daiichi, which was an explosion and fire, including four times after the earthquake sizes severity to 9.0 and cause a tidal wave tsunami height of 10 meters. collapse swept northeast coast of Japan’s three great disasters compounded 3 stacked like this makes the stock exchanges rate in the world dive severely Equivalent to the amount of money to shrink, it is several hundred million dollars. But while the yen exchange rate to soar higher in opposite directions.

Some dealers indicate that The strong Japanese currency this Because they want to jump up. When a player on the market in some cases seems to be buying the yen winch. They speculate that because the Japanese companies to send funds back to the country. For use in the reconstruction are also anticipated the same time, speculation that well. Their insurance company of Japan. Will be forced to bring money home as well. Prepared to pay compensation for damage from a massive earthquake.

Also described another along one of their traders in the market that From selling shares that are to hard on 14 and 15, past their banks and foreign institutional investors has a higher role in the purchase of shares which Level is very low cost. Thus, these banks are having a busy raising cash to pay the Yen. Account for the purchase of the same time after the earthquake. The Bank of Japan, they are not willing to lend. With concerns that may have come to cash out quickly unpacked This condition has forced foreign institutional investors rely on the market forwards and swaps market to buy yen to pay money account. This has contributed to the yen appreciated strongly.

The Minister and the Governor of the Central Bank of the seven leading industrial countries of the world (G -7), it is scheduled to discuss the meeting Special Effects Lawrence at 7:00 pm Tokyo time today. (meet at 05.00 am in Thailand) by several news sources said. To have a dialogue about the impact of financial and economic disaster due to the financial markets in Japan, while expected to speculation that. Japan might be re State measures to intervene in the market with the purpose to extract. The yen dropped.

What Should You In Invest In? Money Market, Banker’s Acceptance Or Treasury Bills

What Should You In Invest In? Money Market, Banker’s Acceptance Or Treasury Bills

Money Market Account Interest

When working with a Money Market account it is important to remember that it is very similar to using a standard savings account. The process that is involved with opening and using this type of account is almost identical. The way it works is that an investor will open a money market account at a bank or credit union, and then the financial institution will pay the investor interest based on deposits that are put into the account. In turn, the financial institution will issue bank loans to other individuals, but at a higher interest rate than they paid the investor.

One of the best aspects of a money market account is that the interest is compounded on a daily basis and paid to the investor monthly. It is important to remember that interest rates can vary between financial institutions. One of the major differences between a money market account and a more traditional savings or checking account is that the more money that is deposited, the higher the interest rate will be. It is important for the potential investor to first speak to their financial institution about fluctuations in interest rates, and always shop around for the best deals possible.

Banker’s Acceptance

Banker’s Acceptances are formed by non-financial institutions, which are also considered short-term credit investments. The advantage of this type of investment is that they are usually traded below face value in a secondary market, and that banks are guaranteed to make payments. The way this works is that a banker’s acceptance is like a negotiable time draft, which finances various transactions for corporations. This is usually used when a foreign trade partner’s creditworthiness is in question. This type of investment does not necessarily need to be held to maturity.

Treasury Bills

Treasury Bills are very popular as they are marketable money market securities. The reason for their popularity is because of their overall simplicity. They are short-term securities that mature one year after the date that they were issued. The interest that they incur is the difference between the purchase price and the price the investor receives at maturity. These are purchased on a non-competitive bid process, by the bidder receiving the full amount or a competitive amount where the bidder is required to specify his or her desired rate of return; if the desired rate of return is too high, the bidder will not receive any or all of their desired securities.

One reason that Treasury Bills are popular is their affordability and their risk free nature. They are also exempted from both state and local taxes. The one disadvantage is low returns on investment. The rate of return on a Treasury Bill is not as high as one would receive from other traditional investments. It is also important to remember that there are penalties for cashing out before the maturity date.

Treasury Bills are also sold cash management bills. This is done by re-opening sales of bills that have matured at the same time and are considered outstanding. Many large investors purchase this type of bill through a commercial book entry system. For those who are individual bidders, there is a non-competitive holding system called Treasury Direct that is designed for small investors who hold their investments until maturity.

If an investor wants to sell their bill before it matures, this can only be done if he or she first transfers their securities to the commercial book entry system. This can only happen with a depository institution that also holds an account with the Federal Reserve Bank.

Make Money Fast – Part 1 your Plan for Building Wealth Quickly!

Make Money Fast – Part 1 your Plan for Building Wealth Quickly!

Here we are going to look at how to make money fast and build REAL wealth trading financial markets, don’t worry if you have never traded before We will tell you all you need to know, to make TRIPLE digit annual gains.

Let’s get started and look at how to make moeny fast

The Right Attitude

As with Any venture you need to approach it with the right attitude. Think you will succeed and you will. We must make one point very clear from the start:

If you want to build wealth quickly you cannot rely on other people, you need to accept responsibility and have confidence in your ability to do it. We will show you how and trading is actually a lot less complicated then many people think.

Everything about making money fast can be learned

The legendary trader Richard Dennis to prove this point and conducted a famous experiment.

Dennis took a group of people who had never traded before and in 14 days taught them a trading method to make money fast. He then sent them to trade the method.

This group known as the “turtles” became one of the most successful groups of traders of all time, making hundreds of millions of dollars!

Don’t be to clever and don’t have an ego

To trade financial markets and make money fast you don’t need to be clever, trading is simple, in fact being to clever can be a disadvantage.

Why? Because many traders think the more effort they put in the more they get out.

This is true in many industries, but not so in financial markets The method we will reveal to you takes just 1 hour a day and is simple to understand and use.

When trading always remember you need to be humble, the market price is always right, no matter what you think.

Many traders like to argue with the market price, but you must accept that you will be wrong a lot of the time, but that doesn’t matter if you’re piling up huge gains.

Your biggest advantage to make money fast!

Is leverage, use it correctly and you will pile up huge gains quickly.

Leverage is simply the ability to be able to trade more money than you actually have.

For example, in global currency markets you can trade leverage of 100:1. This means if you have ,000 in your account you can trade a million!

Now think about what that can do for your WEALTH if you use it correctly!

Leverage is of course a double edged sword, get it wrong and you will lose. In part 2 of this article we will show you how to deal with leverage correctly and make money fast.

Compound growth

The aim of making money fast is to use leverage to make huge gains and then compound them.

Compound growth builds up over time to build massive gains.

For example, trading just ,000 compounded at 100% per annum for 3 years, would give you ,000. The longer you compound your gains the faster your money grows.

Is it really possible for novice traders to do this? The answer is yes, as you saw in the previous example of the “turtles” – everything about trading can be learned.

Take calculated Risks to make money fast

There is no way you can money fast that does not involve you taking a risk. However, all you need to do is accept it and manage it correctly.

For example, if you put a learner driver in a high performance racing car chances are they will crash, but a driver who has learned to drive correctly will drive the car with no problems at all.

Life is a risk, everything we do involves it and trading does to. Learn to accept risk and See it in a positive way by learning to manage it that is the real key to making money fast.

Let’s get started

Now we have given you the theory of making money fast, its time to look at how to actually do it in practice and we will cover this in Part 2 of this article with a simple system that can make millions.

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On finance including investments and becoming a succesful trader succesful trading visit our website for articles features and downloads at:http://www.net-planet.org/index.html

Is a Money Market Account Right for You?

Is a Money Market Account Right for You?

A money market account is a type of banking product that blends several of the benefits offered by checking accounts, savings accounts and CDs (certificates of deposit).  Unlike a CD, where your money is stored for a set amount of time with a penalty for early withdrawal, a money market account will let you write a set number of checks against the balance in a given month.  What’s more, a money market account (MMA) tends to earn higher interest rates, comparable to a savings account.  So, how do you know if a money market account is right for you?  Read on for all the details.

Go Beyond the Interest Rate

Many people who are interested in opening a money market account only look at the interest rate – and that’s understandable.  After all, you want your money to work harder for you while you save.  Banks understand this and now offer competitive rates along with online account management – so you can open a money market account no matter where you’re located in the USA.  

With this kind of flexibility, you’ll also want to look at other important items when opening the account, such as how many checks you can write or withdrawals you can make, and what the minimum balance requirements are on the account.

The Difference between Money Market Accounts and CDs

Money market accounts are often compared to CDs, but there are several key differences.  Generally, CDs pay a higher interest rate than MMAs, because your money is essentially “locked up” for a set period of time until its maturity date.  During this time, you’re not able to withdraw the money without paying a penalty.  With MMAs, you have the flexibility of being able to access your cash with a set number of checks and withdrawals, but at the same time, you won’t get the same high interest rate because the money can be withdrawn at any time.

Safety and Security

A money market account is a good choice if you want the interest rate of a savings account, but with the flexibility of being able to write checks and make withdrawals and deposits every month.  Your money market account is insured by the FDIC (or, if you’re with a credit union, the NCUA) against loss of up to 0,000 at member banks, so you can feel confident that your money is safe and secure.A money market account offers competitive rates and a low minimum balance along with compounded interest accrued daily and posted to your account every month.If you’d like to start reaping the benefits of a money market account, a great way to get started is through a bank like Aurora Bank (Equal Housing Lender, Member FDIC).

In the end, having a money market account is a low-risk way to watch your money grow without subjecting it to the ups and downs of a turbulent stock market.  It may not pay as well as stocks or bonds, but your investments are insured.

The vast majority of investors earn less than the market due to two common timing mistakes: buying yesterday’s top performers, and letting your emotions cause you to attempt to predict the direction of the stock market. This is part of ten short videos series that summarizes the common sense investment advice from John Bogle, which his followers endearingly call the Boglehead Investment Philosophy. It describes the best ways to invest money, and the best place to invest money. You’ll learn how to choose mutual funds, why index funds are smart investments, and how to invest in bonds which should be a part of everyone’s asset allocation.
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Explaining the Money Market

Explaining the Money Market

The Money Market is the financial market for short-term borrowing and lending, usually up to a time span of thirteen months. This contrasts with the capital market for longer-term funds that feature within the Market.

This is the place where banks lend to and borrow from each other, short-term financial instruments, for instance certificates of deposit or enter into agreements, repurchase agreements are taken place.

It provides short to medium term liquidity aspect element within the global financial system. Money Market derivatives include forward rate agreements and short-term interest rate futures.

The Market is a subsection of the fixed income market. We usually think of the term fixed income as being synonymous to bonds. In reality, a bond is just one sort of fixed income security.

The difference between the Money Market and the bond market is that the money market specializes in very short-term debt securities that is debts that mature in less than one year time span. Money investments can also be termed as the cash investments because of their short maturities.

Money Market securities are essentially IOUs issued by governments, financial institutions and large corporations. These instruments are very liquid and are considered unusually safe. As they are extremely conservative, Money Market securities offer significantly lower returns than most other securities.

Comparing the Money Market with the Stock market

The major difference between the Money Market and the stock market is that most Money Market securities trade in very high denominations. This, in turn restricts access for the individual investor.

Furthermore, the Money Market is also a dealer market, which means that firms buy and sell securities in their own accounts, at their own risk. Comparing this to the stock market where a broker receives commission to act as an agent, while the investor takes the risk of holding the stock.

Another characteristic of a dealer market is the lack of a central trading floor or exchange. Deals are transacted over the phone or through the use of electronic systems.

These accounts and funds pool together the assets of thousands of investors in order to buy the securities on their behalf. However, some Money Market instruments like the Treasury bills can be purchased directly and if you fail to acquire that, they can be acquired through other large financial institutions with direct access to these types of markets.

Understanding the Money Market better

There are tons of different instruments within the markets that are offering various returns at various risks, which is an aspect element within the sections that take a look at the major Money Market instruments.

Also a better-known place for large institutions and government to manage their short-term cash needs is the Money Market. However, individual investors have access to the market through a variety of different securities.

These types of markets specialize in debt securities that mostly mature in less than one year. These securities are very liquid, and are considered very safe and as a result, they often offer a lower return than other securities. The easiest way for consumers to gain access to the Money Market is through a mutual fund.

Some terms that are used in the this markets are the T-bills, which are short-term government securities that mature in one year or less from their issue date and are considered to be one of the leading safest investments – they do not provide a fantastic return.

Another term that is used in the Money Market is a certificate of deposit, which is a time deposit with a bank. Annual percentage yield takes into account compound interest, annual percentage rate does not.

Certificate Deposits are safe, but the returns aren’t wonderful, and your money is tied up for the length of the deposit. Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term loan issued by a corporation. In the Money Market returns are higher than T-bills because of the higher default risk.

The banker’s acceptances are negotiable time draft for financing transactions in goods. They are new in international trade and are commonly only available to individuals through the funds.

The Eurodollars are U.S. dollar-denominated deposit at banks outside of the United States. The average Eurodollar deposit is very large and the only way for consumers to invest in this market is indirectly through a Money Market fund.

Hence, we can now understand that a Money Market can surely make a difference in the financial matters of a country.

Compound interest is often called one of the most powerful concepts in finance. Find out what it is and how it can work for you. Be the first to check out our latest videos on Investopedia Video: www.investopedia.com

Easy Ways To Make Money Using Compounding As Your Compass

Easy Ways To Make Money Using Compounding As Your Compass

If you will find your calculator during your inspection of this article you will get more out of it. Numbers don’t lie and you will take a glimpse into your future inside the little screen of your calculator. So, dig it up now.

There are many and varied ways to make easy money. There are less if your parameter is ethical methods. These ethical ways of generating easy money will be our focus as any other way is simply unnecessary.

Take your calculator and think for a moment how much money you could spare right this minute that could be put into a separate account that will never be touched for anything except seed capital for wealth accumulation. I am going to prove to you that even a nominal amount of under 00 can be compounded into million dollars within a specified number of months.

So why not start with that 00

To compound money we need to re manufacture in the real world what our calculator tells us is possible. We could run silly numbers off in the calculator for hours, but you have to base your input on real world realities. The biggest being profit margins or what we teach, capital gains. This has the biggest bearing on likelihood of a plan succeeding, simply whether the numbers correspond in the real world.

In the real world there is a standard business 30% rule. It states that for a deal to have any real feasability, it must produce at least 30% after costs but before taxes. I don’t know about you, but if I got 30% in a full year in the stock market or any other investment, I would consider myself very fortunate indeed.

Yet its easy to make 30% on many investment objects and they don’t take that long to buy and sell. What if you could buy and sell at 30% twice per month?

Lets turn to the calculator, as I can assure you, as an individual who realizes they can make a million dollars very quickly, you will find ways to keep to the schedule that the numbers on your calculator mapped out.

Now punch the keys, 1000 then the multiply symbol, then type 1.3 We will compound our money at 30% twice per month for 14 months. 28 times. So with the first result I just had you type in, ignore it and press the times symbol again then hit the 1.3, then times again. Do this 28 times and read the final result.

When you pick yourself up off the floor, get busy and get to work. Learn more below.

To your health and rapid success,

Martin Thomas(c)

A money market fund is a cash account that is being held in reserve, rather than being invested in the market. Find out how interest rates vary on money market funds with help from a financial specialist in this free video on interest rates and loans. Expert: Matt McKillen Contact: www.innovativefg.com Bio: Matthew McKillen has over 21 years of industry experience in arranging loans for his clients. Filmmaker: Christopher Rokosz

What are Money Market Accounts?

What are Money Market Accounts?

Just like a regular savings account, a money market account is a type of savings account that is offered by banks and credit unions. The main difference is that money market accounts will usually pay higher interest, have higher minimum balance requirements, and often they only allow three to six withdrawals from the account per month. With most market money accounts you are also allowed to write checks on the account.

If the account is held in a qualified bank, the money in a money market account is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). This means that if the bank or credit union goes out of business your money will be returned to you.

With credit unions, your money is insured by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), another federal agency that protects consumers from loss.

Like a regular savings account, the money that you invest in a money market account earns interest. Interest is the money that the bank or credit union will pay you in order for them to use your money to fund loans to others.

In very simple terms the process works like this: You put your money into a money market account. The bank or credit union will pay you a certain amount of interest on that money. The bank or credit union will then loan the money out to others but they will charge those borrowers more interest than what they are paying you.

The difference between the interest that they pay you as compared to the interest they charge those who borrow is how they make a living and how you earn on your investment with the bank.

The interest on money market accounts is usually compounded daily and paid monthly. Compounded interest is one of the best ways to earn money from the bank. In essence, they are paying you interest on the money they have already paid you in interest.

Interest rates paid by money market accounts will vary from bank to bank. This is one good reason to shop around for the best rates before signing on with any bank.

In many cases, the more money you keep in the money market account the higher the interest rate you will get. You should ask about this when shopping for a bank.

You can take money out of a money market account but there may be some fees involved. Normally, you are allowed only a certain number of withdrawals each month. Most banks will charge a fee of around if you do not keep a certain minimum balance in the account. You may also have to pay a fee if you go over the limit on withdraws per months.

You will receive a statement each month from the bank or credit union. This statement will tell you the transactions as well as any fees charged to the account and it will also tell you the interest your money has earned.

During any given month, you are also allowed to add money to the account. This is a very good way to make your savings grow fast.

Yep. This doesn’t even get into all the rediculous fees for electronically transferring money. …or how messed up the stock market is…
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High Yield Money Market Account: Instead of an Introduction

High Yield Money Market Account: Instead of an Introduction

There are several options to invest your money. It is still a matter of anxiety for everyone. One finds it difficult to decide where one’s money will be safe and will produce good returns. If anyone gets a huge sum by disposing of one of his valuables, he should invest the amount somewhere. High yield interest returns are the innocent target no doubt. If he goes for a certificate of deposit, he is sure that there is very restricted access. If he considers investing in the stock market, it is not unnatural that he may scream apprehending great loss in profit. Banks and financial institutions are in plenty. He can open a savings account and this he can do just to earn a few cents as interest. It is better, for all practical purposes, to try one’s future with the high yield money market account.

If you have a high yield money market account, you will find three avenues to retrieve your money. You are allowed to secure checking accounts. You can get an ATM card, which is handy which you can use to withdraw your money as and when you need it. There are also provisions of online transfers. A high yield money market account is famous for the higher rates of interest it generates, and this is higher than what is available in any other savings accounts. The interest rate is usually one percent higher and sometimes it is two percent higher than what the banks or financial institutions pay. This kind of account is also famous for the annual percentage yield which means that interest earned from the investment are allowed to produce interest further. This is nothing but compounded interest.

Compound interest is a magical way to make money by earning interest upon interest based on an initial investment. Keep compound interest working positively instead of negatively with advice from afinancial planner in this free video on investments. Expert: Cathy Pareto Contact: www.cathypareto.com Bio: Cathy Pareto has an MBA, and is the founder and president of Cathy Pareto & Associates, Inc., based in Miami, Fla. Filmmaker: Paul Muller
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Recent Trends in Indian and Global Capital Market

Recent Trends in Indian and Global Capital Market

Recent trends in Indian & global capital markets.

Dr. Piyush prakash (Reader: D.A.V. College Kanpur)

and Sandhya Dubey

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

Overview of Indian Capital Market

The Indian capital market is more than a century old. Its history goes back to 1875, when 22 brokers formed the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Over the period, the Indian securities market has evolved continuously to become one o the most dynamic, modern, and efficient securities markets in Asia. Today,

Indian market confirms to best international practices and standards both in terms of structure and in terms of operating efficiency .Indian securities markets are mainly governed by a) The Company’s Act1956, b) the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956 (SCRA Act), and c) the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992. A brief background of these above regulations are given below

a) The Companies Act 1956 deals with issue, allotment and transfer of securities and various aspects relating to company management. It provides norms for disclosures in the public issues, regulations for underwriting, and the issues pertaining to use of premium and discount on various issues.

b) SCRA provides regulations for direct and indirect control of stock exchanges with an aim to prevent undesirable transactions in securities. It provides regulatory jurisdiction to Central Government over stock exchanges, contracts in securities and listing of securities on stock exchanges.

c) The SEBI Act empowers SEBI to protect the interest of investors in the securities market, to promote the development of securities market and to regulate the security market.

The Indian securities market consists of primary (new issues) as well as secondary (stock) market in both equity and debt. The primary market provides the channel for sale of new securities, while the secondary market deals in trading of securities previously issued. The issuers of securities issue (create and sell) new securities in the primary market to raise funds for investment. They do so either through public issues or private placement. There are two major types of issuers who issue securities. The corporate entities issue mainly debt and equity instruments (shares, debentures, etc.), while the governments (central and state governments) issue debt securities (dated securities, treasury bills). The secondary market enables participants who hold securities to adjust their holdings in response to changes in their assessment of risk and return. A variant of secondary market is the forward market, where securities are traded for future delivery and payment in the form of futures and options. The futures and options can be on individual stocks or basket of stocks like index. Two exchanges, namely National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) provide trading of derivatives in single stock futures, index futures, single stock options and index options. Derivatives trading commenced in India in June 2000

Other leading cities in stock market operations

Ahmedabad gained importance next to Bombay with respect to cotton textile industry. After 1880, many mills originated from Ahmedabad and rapidly forged ahead. As new mills were floated, the need for a Stock Exchange at Ahmedabad was realized and in 1894 the brokers formed “The Ahmedabad Share and Stock Brokers’ Association”.

What the cotton textile industry was to Bombay and Ahmedabad, the jute industry was to Calcutta. Also tea and coal industries were the other major industrial groups in Calcutta. After the Share Mania in 1861-65, in the 1870′s there was a sharp boom in jute shares, which was followed by a boom in tea shares in the 1880′s and 1890′s; and a coal boom between 1904 and 1908. On June 1908, some leading brokers formed “The Calcutta Stock Exchange Association”.

In the beginning of the twentieth century, the industrial revolution was on the way in India with the Swadeshi Movement; and with the inauguration of the Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited in 1907, an important stage in industrial advancement under Indian enterprise was reached.

Indian cotton and jute textiles, steel, sugar, paper and flour mills and all companies generally enjoyed phenomenal prosperity, due to the First World War.

In 1920, the then demure city of Madras had the maiden thrill of a stock exchange functioning in its midst, under the name and style of “The Madras Stock Exchange” with 100 members. However, when boom faded, the number of members stood reduced from 100 to 3, by 1923, and so it went out of existence.

In 1935, the stock market activity improved, especially in South India where there was a rapid increase in the number of textile mills and many plantation companies were floated. In 1937, a stock exchange was once again organized in Madras – Madras Stock Exchange Association (Pvt) Limited. (In 1957 the name was changed to Madras Stock Exchange Limited).

Lahore Stock Exchange was formed in 1934 and it had a brief life. It was merged with the Punjab Stock Exchange Limited, which was incorporated in 1936.

Indian Stock Exchanges – An Umbrella Growth

The Second World War broke out in 1939. It gave a sharp boom which was followed by a slump. But, in 1943, the situation changed radically, when India was fully mobilized as a supply base.

On account of the restrictive controls on cotton, bullion, seeds and other commodities, those dealing in them found in the stock market as the only outlet for their activities. They were anxious to join the trade and their number was swelled by numerous others. Many new associations were constituted for the purpose and Stock Exchanges in all parts of the country were floated.

The Uttar Pradesh Stock Exchange Limited (1940), Nagpur Stock Exchange Limited (1940) and Hyderabad Stock Exchange Limited (1944) were incorporated.

In Delhi two stock exchanges – Delhi Stock and Share Brokers’ Association Limited and the Delhi Stocks and Shares Exchange Limited – were floated and later in June 1947, amalgamated into the Delhi Stock Exchange Association Limited.

There are two major indicators of Indian capital market- SENSEX & NIFTY:

What are the Sensex & the Nifty?

The Sensex is an “index”. What is an index? An index is basically an indicator. It gives you a general idea about whether most of the stocks have gone up or most of the stocks have gone down. The Sensex is an indicator of all the major companies of the BSE. The Nifty is an indicator of all the major companies of the NSE. If the Sensex goes up, it means that the prices of the stocks of most of the major companies on the BSE have gone up. If the Sensex goes down, this tells you that the stock price of most of the major stocks on the BSE have gone down. Just like the Sensex represents the top stocks of the BSE, the Nifty represents the top stocks of the NSE. Just in case you are confused, the BSE, is the Bombay Stock Exchange and the NSE is the National Stock Exchange. The BSE is situated at Bombay and the NSE is situated at Delhi. These are the major stock exchanges in the country. There are other stock exchanges like the Calcutta Stock Exchange etc. but they are not as popular as the BSE and the NSE. Most of the stock trading in the country is done though the BSE & the NSE . Besides Sensex and the Nifty there are many other indexes. There is an index that gives you an idea about whether the mid-cap stocks go up and down. This is called the “BSE Mid-cap Index”. There are many other types of index.Unless stock markets provide professionalized service, small investors and foreign investors will not be interested in capital market operations. And capital market being one of the major source of long-term finance for industrial projects, India cannot afford to damage the capital market path. In this regard NSE gains vital importance in the Indian capital market but if we see the sensex & nifty graph there is a great variation.

Down fall or variability in returns. To measure all these crisis FM (Finance  minister) of India has done some measures which are following  :

FM says state-run banks ready to provide credit to small, medium business sectors

RBI to keep a close watch on liquidity

Finance Minister P Chidambaram today said the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will keep a close watch on liquidity and state-run banks are ready to provide credit to the small and medium business sectors. The finance minister today met the chiefs of state-run banks.

Exports growth slumps to 10.4% in September 2008

Exports up by 30.9% in April-September 2008

Indian   merchandise exports during September 2008, recorded meager 10.4% growth at US $ 13.75 billion, taking the toll from recessionary tendencies in major export destination in US and Europe. On the other hand import growth remaining buoyant surged 43.34% to US $ 24.38 billion, causing the trade deficit to more than double to US $ 10.63 billion in September 2008 compared to US $ 4.55 billion in September 2007. Global financial crisis and recessionary tendencies in major economies have severely impacted India’s export growth, though import surged rampantly.

Soaring crude oil prices placed immense pressure on import bill during the month of September 2008. The share of oil import in total imports surged to 37.31% in September 2008 compared to 34.05% in the corresponding period last year. Oil imports during September 2008 surged 57.1% to US $ 9.1 billion, whereas non-oil import increased 36.2% to US $ 15.28 billion. Cumulative oil import during April-September 2008 stood 59.2% higher at US $ 55.06 billion, while non-oil imports surged 29.3% to US$ 99.68 billion over corresponding period last year.

Exports during April- September 2008 expanded 30.90% to US $ 94.97 billion (36.7% to Rs.405118 crore) while imports advanced 38.6% to US $ 154.74 billion (44.9% to Rs 661208 crore).

In rupee terms, exports scaled up 24.7% to Rs.62641 crore, while imports increased by 61.9% to Rs 111085 crore, in September 2008 compared corresponding period last year.

Trade deficit in April-September was estimated at .77 billion as against .1 billion in the same period the last fiscal.

PM says govt will take all steps to protect growth

Govt working closely with other countries for coordinated policy action

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh told top business leaders on Monday, 3 November 2008, that the government will take all the necessary monetary and fiscal policy measures to protect growth. The Prime Minister also said the government was working closely with other countries to ensure coordinated policy action for the containment of the global financial crisis.

RBI slashes CRR and SLR by 100 bps each and Repo rate by 50 bps

CRR revised to 5.5%, Repo rates to 7.5% while SLR stands reduced to 24%

RBI has cut CRR by 100 basis points to 5.5%, SLR by100 basis points to 24% and repo rate by 50 basis points to 7.5%, in a surprise move on 1st November 2008. Though the market was expecting a cut, the market is surprised by strong dose of cut in all the three rates in one go.

The cut in CRR will be implemented in two phases of 50 basis points each. CRR will come down to 6.0% effective from the fortnight beginning 25th October 2008 and further down to 5.5% effective from the fortnight beginning 8th November 2008. Incidentally, this is in addition to 250 basis points cut in CRR effective from the fortnight beginning 11th October 2008. Thus, in October 2008 alone, we are seeing 300 bps cut and another 50 bps cut in November 2008. The latest 100 basis point cut in CRR will bring in Rs 40000 crore into the banking system. Together, the 350 basis points cut across October and November 2008 will bring in Rs 140000 crore into the banking system

Since 16 September RBI has been offering an additional liquidity support for banks to the extent of 1% of NDTL under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) along with waiver of penal interest. Now, RBI making this reduction permanent has reduced the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) by 100 bps to 24% of NDTL effective from the fortnight beginning 8th November 2008.

Other Measures

RBI has also introduced a special refinance facility for all scheduled commercial banks (excluding RRBs) to provide refinance up to 1% of the relevant bank’s NDTL as of 24th October 2008 at the LAF repo rate up to a maximum period of 90 days. RBI said that during this period, refinance could be flexibly drawn and repaid.

In addition to the cut in SLR and special refinance facility, RBI also extended the limit of liquidity support for banks from 0.5% to 1.5% of NDTL under LAF through relaxation in the maintenance of SLR and the coverage is extended to NBFCs also. Further, RBI said that banks can apportion the total accommodation allowed between Mutual funds and NBFCs flexibly as per their business needs. But RBI directed that this relaxation in SLR should be exclusively used for the purpose of meeting the funding requirement of NBFCs and Mutual funds.

RBI has asked the entities with bulk forex requirements to approach it through their banks. Accordingly, RBI will sell foreign exchange through agent banks to augment supply in the domestic foreign exchange market or intervene directly to meet any demand supply gaps.

RBI has also allowed non-deposit taking NBFCs (NBFCs-ND-SI), as a temporary measure, to raise short-term foreign currency borrowings under the approval route. However, this will be subject to their compliance with prudential norms on capital adequacy and exposure norms.

Further, in the context of forex outflows in the recent period, RBI has decided to conduct buy back of MSS dated securities so as to provide another avenue for injecting liquidity of a more durable nature into the banking system. RBI indicated that this would be calibrated with the market-borrowing programme of the Government of India.

Outlook

On the growth front, it is important to ensure that credit requirements for productive purposes are adequately met so as to support the growth momentum of the economy. However, the global financial turmoil has had knock-on effects on our financial markets; this has reinforced the importance of focusing on preserving financial stability. The Reserve Bank has reviewed the current and evolving macroeconomic situation and liquidity conditions in the global and domestic financial markets. Based on this review, RBI has taken slew of above measures, including cut in CRR, SLR and repo rate. The total liquidity support provided through the latest reductions in the CRR, SLR and temporary accommodation under the SLR is likely to be in the order of Rs.1,40,481 crore. With RBI announcing slew of liquidity boosting measures overall interest regime in the country is likely to ease in the near term. Some of the banks have already announced interest rate reduction and more are likely to follow soon. The reduction in SLR would release much needed liquidity into the system and signals reduction in the interest rates.

The Reserve Bank will continue to closely monitor the developments in the global and domestic financial markets and will take swift and effective action as appropriate.

Rate cuts at corner

In the wake of the stress on our financial markets as a result of the global financial crisis, the Reserve Bank announced a series of measures starting mid-September 2008 to ease both domestic and foreign exchange liquidity. The task of monetary policy has always centered on managing a judicious balance between price stability, sustaining the growth momentum and maintaining financial stability. The relative emphasis across these objectives has varied from time to time depending on the underlying macroeconomic conditions. At this juncture, the apex bank of the country has focused on financial stability thanks to ease in inflation.

India witnesses the effects global meltdown through liquidity crunch, which reflected in significant growth in call rates- the rate at which banks borrows from each other. The month started with 16.51% weighted call rates which further moved up to18.53% as on 10 October 2008. On review of the liquidity situation, the RBI announced a reduction in CRR by 250 bps to 6.5% effective from fortnight beginning on 11 October 2008. As result of reduction of the reduction in the CRR around Rs 1,00,000 crore was expected to be released into the banking system. The RBI also decided to open a special 14-day fixed rate repo window for a notified amount of Rs 20000 crore with a view to enabling banks to meet the liquidity requirement of mutual funds.

Reflecting the impact of these measures, the average call rate declined to 9.92% as on 13 October 2008 and further tanked to 6.6% as on 17 October and slipped below reverse repo rate to 4.16% on 18 October 2008. However we have seen pressure mounting on inter bank call money rates since 25 October, as banks scrambled to borrow at call money market to meet funding requirements in a holiday-shortened week, while fresh debt auctions also weighed. The RBI has conducted the auctions of Rs 7000 crore worth of treasury bills on 29 October, while Rs 10000 crore worth of securities will be auctioned on 31 October. As result call rates surged to 8.56% on 25 October and further up to 9.35% and 11.26%, as on 27 and 29 October 2008, respectively. The RBI is committed to maintain close watch on the entire financial system to prevent pressures building up in the financial markets and it may take appropriate steps if pressures persist.

The sharp dip in the crude oil prices, RBI aims liquidity boosting measures and easing inflation has compounded bullish sentiments in the bonds market, raising the bond prices incessantly. The yield on 10- year benchmark government securities (g-sec 8.24% 22 April 2018) eased substantially to its 8 months low level 7.5% on 29 October 2008 from 8.44% on 1 October 2008. Bond yield and inflation has a positive co-relation, whereas bonds trade transmits an inverse price-yield relationship. During the week ended 18 October 2008, general price index popularly called inflation has down to 10.68%. It was the fifth sequential week were the inflation has declined on week on week basis. The downtrend in inflation will give leverage to the apex bank of the country to act aggressively on financial stability with further cut in interest rates.

Along with inflation, we have seen slight deceleration in money supply growth. According to the latest data released by RBI, the annual growth rate in broad money or M3 has below 20% mark. However it is still above the comfort zone of the apex bank (RBI holding 17% target for the current financial year).

Central banks across the globe are trying to curb an economic slowdown as the financial crisis weighs on consumer sentiment and business spending. The Federal Reserve’s reduced interest rates by 50 bps to 1% on 29 October in order to stimulate economic growth by encouraging consumer and business spending. In Asia, China’s central bank announced it’s third reduction by 27 basis points to 6.93%, while Taiwan’s central bank surprised with a 25 bps cut in lending rates to 3%, its fourth easing in two and a half months. Similarly the market expects rate cut to be announced in Japan on Friday, while European Central Bank and Britain may add to monetary easing in the ensuing weak to restrict the adverse impact of what could be the worst financial crisis in 80 years and its impact in terms of a long global recession. Against the backdrop of these global and domestic developments and in the light of measures taken by the Reserve Bank over the last month, we are excepting further dose of medicine from the apex bank of the country.

RBI prefers to buy time and leaves all rates unchanged

But cuts GDP growth projections to 7.5 to 8.0% for FY 2008-09

RBI has declared mid-term policy review with stable interest rates. Effective from the fortnight beginning 11th October 2008, the CRR was already cut by 250 basis points to 6.5% while repo rate was cut by 100 bps effective form20th October 2008. But still select Industry associations were expecting further cut in repo / CRR. Instead, RBI has decided to wait and watch, before taking further monetary measures.

However the Reserve Bank has revised the projection of overall real GDP growth for 2008-09 to a range of 7.5-8.0 per cent, down from its own projection of around 8.0% in July 2008, thanks to global and domestic development.

Highlights

1)The Bank Rate has been kept unchanged at 6.0 per cent.

2)The repo rate under the LAF has been kept unchanged at 8.0 per cent.

3)The reverse repo rate under the LAF has been kept unchanged at 6.0 per cent.

4)The cash reserve ratio (CRR) of scheduled banks is currently at 6.5 per cent of net demand and time liabilities (NDTL). On a review of the current liquidity situation, it has been decided to keep the CRR unchanged at 6.5 per cent of NDTL.

The market reaction on the policy was negative as market participants had expected further rate cut. However there is no change in any rate of interest as well as in CRR and SLR.

The apex bank of the country has already taken slew of measures in response to the developments in the global and domestic market in the last few weeks. Hence, RBI has preferred to observe the impact of these measures rather than rushing with additional dose of medicine.

Meanwhile, for four consecutive weeks, inflation rate has been coming down on week on week basis. Nevertheless, RBI has unchanged the inflation target for the remaining year, evidencing its discomfort on the underlying pressure on price level. At the same time we have not seen any change in target for money supply. With the reference of the recent date published by RBI, the growth in money supply was slightly down, but still far away from the target of the RBI (17%).

The recent measures taken by the apex bank (CRR and Repo cut) will boost the liquidity in the market along with the relaxation in ECB norms will play critical role in overall monetary assessments for the remaining financial year.

To sum up, the unchanged interest rate , and the downward revision in GDP growth target together indicate that apex bank has tried to maintain the balance between growth and inflation. However this is one of the most critical challenge for policy makers worldwide to make a choice between stable inflation or growth. At home ground, RBI preferred to buy the time to see the impact of the measures that has already placed.

No change in the policy rates or CRR in the Mid Term Review

RBI’s Mid Term Review of Annual Policy keeps all rates unchanged

Dr D Subbarao, Governor, Reserve Bank of India, unveiled the Mid Term Review of Annual Policy for the Year 2008-09 on 24th October 2008.

RBI has kept the Bank Rate, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate and Cash Reserve Ratio unchanged. In effect, no major monetary measures have been taken in the Mid Term review on 24th October 2008.

RBI has revised India’s GDP growth projection for FY 2008-09 to a range of 7.5 to 8.0% on 24th October 2008, down from its own earlier projection of around 8.0% in July 2008.

RBI cuts India’s GDP growth projection to 7.5 to 8.0% for FY 2008-09

GDP growth projection cut from 8.0% made in July 2008

RBI has revised India’s GDP growth projection for FY 2008-09 to a range of 7.5 to 8.0% on 24th October 2008, down from its own earlier projection of around 8.0% in July 2008.

Dr D Subbarao, Governor, Reserve Bank of India, unveiled the Mid Term Review of Annual Policy for the Year 2008-09 on 24th October 2008. The downward revision in GDP projections were made in this review.

RBI indicated that in its First Quarter Review in July 2008, it had projected India’s projection of real GDP growth in 2008-09 at around 8.0 per cent for policy purposes. But RBI said that since then, there have been significant global and domestic developments which have rendered the outlook uncertain, and have increased the downside risks associated with this projection.

In particular, RBI highlighted that the global downturn may be deeper and more protracted than expected earlier. Consequently, the adverse implications through trade and financial channels for emerging economies, including India, have amplified.

RBI cautioned that if the recession is deeper and the recovery is long drawn as is the current expectation, emerging economies have also to contend with second round effects in the form of potential terms of trade losses, erosion of export competitiveness and restricted external financing. These adverse developments are overlaid on the moderation of growth in the industrial and services sectors in the first half of 2008-09.

RBI also said that the south-west monsoon conditions and water storage levels support the prospects of maintaining the medium-term trend growth rate in agriculture in 2008-09.

Taking these developments and prospects into account, the Reserve Bank has revised the projection of overall real GDP growth for 2008-09 to a range of 7.5-8.0 per cent

Foreign Institutional Investment in India

The liberalization and consequent reform measures have drawn the attention of foreign investors leading to a rise in portfolio investment in the Indian capital market. Over the recent years, India has emerged as a major

recipient of portfolio investment among the emerging market economies. Apart from such large inflows, reflecting the confidence of cross-border investors on the prospects of Indian securities market, except for one year, India received positive portfolio inflows in each year. The stability of portfolio flows towards India is in contrast with large volatility of portfolio flows in most emerging market economies.

The Indian capital market was opened up for foreign institutional investors (FIIs) in 1992. The FIIs started investing in Indian markets in January1993. The Indian corporate sector has been allowed to tap international capital markets through American Depository Receipts (ADRs), Global Depository

Receipts (GDRs), Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) and External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs).Similarly, non-resident Indians (NRIs) have been allowed to invest in Indian companies. FIIs have been permitted in all types of securities including Government securities and they enjoy full capital

convertibility. Mutual funds have been allowed to open offshore funds to investing equities abroad. FII investment in India started in 1993, as FIIs were allowed to invest in the Indian debt and equity market in line with the recommendations of the High-Level Committee on Balance of Payments. These investment inflows have since then been positive, with the exception of 1998-99, when capital flows to emerging market economies were affected by contagion from the East Asian crisis. These investments account for over 10 per cent of the total market capitalization of the Indian stock market.

Limits on Foreign Institutional Investors

Each FII (investing on its own) or sub-account cannot hold more than 10 per cent of the paid-up capital of a company. A sub-account under the foreign corporate/individual category cannot hold more than 5 per cent of

the paid up capital of the company. The maximum permissible investment in the shares of a company, jointly

by all FIIs together is 24 per cent of the paid-up capital of that company. The limit is 20 per cent of the paid-up capital in the case of public sector banks. The ceiling of 24 per cent for FII investment can be raised up to

sectoral cap/statutory ceiling, subject to the approval of the board and the general body of the company passing a special resolution to that effect. A cap of US .75 billion is applicable to FII investment in dated

Government securities and treasury bills under 100 per cent and the 70:30route. Within this ceiling of US .75 billion, a sub-ceiling of US 0 million is applicable for the 70:30 route. (FIIs are required to allocate their

investment between equity and debt instruments in the ratio of 70:30.However, it is also possible for an FII to declare itself a 100 per cent debt FII in which case it can make its entire investment in debt instruments.)

A cumulative sub-ceiling of US 0 million outstanding has been fixed on FII investments in corporate debt and this is over and above the sub- ceiling of US .75 billion for Government debt.

Recent trends in the global capital markets :

Several current trends will continue to influence the world’s financial markets long after the present bout of turbulence ends.

FEBRUARY 2008 • Diana Farrell, Christian S. Fölster, and Susan Lund

Struggling credit markets, slumping stocks, and a sliding dollar have been generating anxiety among executives and policy makers in early 2008. Amid the turmoil, it’s easy to forget that long-term structural change in the world’s capital markets will probably prove more important than short-term fluctuations, as it did after the 1987 US stock market crash, the 1992 assault on the British pound, and the 1997 unraveling of Asia’s financial markets.

Recent McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) research highlights several trends that look set to continue during the years ahead, long after the present bout of market turbulence has ended:

the continued growth and deepening of global capital markets as investors pour more money into equities, debt securities, bank deposits, and other assets around the world

the soaring growth of financial markets in emerging economies and the growing ties between financial markets in developed and developing countries

the shift of financial weight in Asia from Japan toward China and other fast-growing emerging markets

the growing financial clout of the eurozone countries and the significance of the euro

the burgeoning role of oil-rich Middle Eastern countries as suppliers of capital to the world, along with the rise of new financial hubs in the Middle East to complement the rapidly growing hubs in London and Asia

While these trends reflect a shift in financial power from the United States toward other parts of the world, the sheer size and depth of the US market will give it a leading role on the international financial stage for years to come.1

The exhibits that follow track the progress of these long-term shifts. The research rests on several proprietary MGI databases that cover the financial assets, cross-border capital flows, and foreign investments of more than 100 countries since 1990. Most of the analysis focuses on developments through 2006, the most recent year for which comprehensive data are available. But some data also show that many of the broad trends continued through late 2007 and will probably persist in years to come.

The continued growth of global financial assets

The full fallout from the credit market volatility of 2007 remains to be seen. But over the longer term, the volume of global financial assets (the value of all bank deposits, government debt securities, corporate debt securities, and equity securities) will continue to expand. Over the past 25 years, through stable and stormy times alike, financial assets have grown robustly. In 2006, their value rose to 7 trillion, from 2 trillion the year before—a 17 percent increase, more than double the average annual growth rate (8 percent) from 1995 through 2005.2

For many years, as equity and bond markets thrived, bank deposits have accounted for a shrinking share of total financial assets. That trend continued in 2006, but the rate of decline slowed because the absolute value of bank deposits around the world jumped by .6 trillion—twice the average increase of the previous three years.3 The largest contributor to this rise was the United States, thanks largely to strong income growth and the housing boom, which enabled many households to tap their home equity for quick cash. This source of growth was shaky by 2007. Looking forward, the growth of deposits will depend to a large degree on China, where they are the primary savings vehicle.

Growing cross-border investment links financial markets

The rising level of foreign investment is making the world more financially inter-dependent than it was even a few years ago. By the end of 2006, the outstanding stock of cross-border investments reached the highest level, in real terms, in history—.5 trillion of assets. This sum includes the foreign investments of multinational corporations, purchases of foreign debt and equity securities by investors around the world, and foreign lending and deposits. Preliminary data indicate that the total grew to another record level in 2007, despite the disruptions in European and US credit markets during the second half of the year.

What’s more, the source and direction of cross-border investment flows are shifting. In 1999, the United States was the dominant hub of the global financial system. By 2006, it remained the largest single foreign investor and a major hub in global capital markets—but the eurozone countries together had as many financial links with other parts of the world, including emerging markets. The United Kingdom too has become a more significant global financial hub, and Middle Eastern countries are now major investors in global financial markets, thanks to the windfall generated by rising oil prices. In 2006, for the first time since the 1970s, the oil-exporting countries joined those of East Asia as the world’s largest net suppliers of capital.

Conclusion:

The Indian financial system has undergone structural transformation over the past decade. The financial sector has acquired strength, efficiency and stability by the combined effect of competition, regulatory measures, and policy environment. While competition, consolidation and convergence have been recognized as the key drivers of the banking sector in the coming years, consolidation of the domestic banking system in both public and private sectors is being combined with gradual enhancement of the presence of foreign banks in a calibrated manner. There has been improvement in banks’ capital position and asset quality as reflected in the overall increase in their capital adequacy ratio and declining NPLs, respectively. Significant improvement in various parameters of efficiency, especially intermediation costs, suggests that competition in the banking industry has intensified. The efficiency of various segments of the financial system also increased. The major challenges facing the banking sector are the judicious deployment of funds and the management of revenues and costs. Concurrently, the issues of corporate governance and appropriate disclosures for enhancing market discipline have received increased attention for ensuring transparency and greater accountability. Financial sector supervision is increasingly becoming risk based with the emphasis on quality of risk management and adequacy of risk containment. Consolidation, competition and risk management are no doubt critical to the future of Indian banking, but governance and financial inclusion have also emerged as the key issues for the Indian financial system. The capital market in India has become efficient and modern over the years. It has also become much safer. However, some of the issues would need to be addressed. Corporate governance needs to be strengthened. Retail investors continue to remain away from the market. The private corporate debt market continues to lag behind the equity segment.

Money Management Tips For Working Women

Money Management Tips For Working Women

Ever wondered why there are numerous articles written about women and money management. The reason is working women find themselves in unique situations – home maker, mother, caring for the elderly. Working women experience greater disruption in earnings in their life as they take career breaks for different reasons – relocation due to marriage, to raise children, tend to their elders or accommodate family contingencies et al. Statistically it is found that women generally spend seven years out of the work force to have and raise children. In the long term however, such disruptions hurt the family’s wealth creation and though a woman and a man may have started their careers at the same time, she ends up earning far less when they both retire.

Also, studies across the globe show that periodic income disruptions make women risk-averse. This means that they invest in lower-risk and fixed-income investment options such as fixed deposits and bonds for fear of losing money due to factors such as stock market fluctuations. The outcome of the preference for fixed-income assets is obvious. The woman’s savings will not suffice in her old age, and she’ll have to depend on the retirement funds of her husband, or other sources. And then there is the reality of a divorce which can be even more painful for dependent spouses. Regardless of how modern the majority claim to be, studies indicate that they lag significantly behind in one area compared to their male counterparts -   that area is financial planning. Most women leave the management of their finances to their fathers/husbands. Failure of marriage, unequal inheritance of wealth, non avoidance of old age, etc all the more necessitates us to be self reliant.

However, taking into consideration the above factors, women need to have a holistic financial plan, that too from a very early age in order to make good the time lost in such career breaks . In the current scenario, personal empowerment and financial independence are the need of the hour. After all financial independence is true empowerment. You know you are empowered when you do not need anyone to tell you how to live your life or spend your money. Also, whether or not a woman has her own income, she still needs to know how her family’s money is invested. Therefore, all women need to step up and learn how to play with the boys. There is no longer a justification for you to not participate in the financial planning that will lend itself to your future.

The following are money management tips (though not exhaustive) which will help women mange their finances better:

Begin Early: One should take managing their finances early on. There is some magic to be found in “compound interest”. The earlier you start the smaller amounts you can invest for a higher gain. Also, when you start early (and continue to invest) you can take greater risks (like investing in equities, equity mutual funds). But remember that compound interest can only work its magic if you give it time. So, start saving now, if you have not started yet! Inflation and interest rate risk eat into the purchasing power of your money if you parked your money in lower risk investment instruments. So investing early in growth assets like equities and equity funds is imperative. Don’t limit yourself to conservative investments such as money market accounts and CDs. Use asset allocation to diversify your portfolio.Build an emergency fund. Ideally 6 months’ monthly expenses could be put in a liquid fund. Without one, losing your job or incurring a large unexpected bill could force you to take on heavy credit card debt, and could put you into a financial hole that will be difficult if not impossible to dig your way out of.

Cut down Expenses: Cutting down on impulsive expenses and spending money prudently and training the same to children goes a long way in sensibly managing your money.

Invest in Insurance: Insurance is a must investment to protect yours and your family’s health costs and your physical assets. Also to provide financial security to your dependants in your absence. Insurance helps transfer the financial risk from one party to another, i.e., from you to your insurer.

When together, plan your finances together: Invest jointly with your spouse. Share expenses. Ensure expenses are covered by one income, try maximum to avoid loans to help you quit your job if needed. Ideally all money matters should be discussed by couples. Be prepared for the worst; even if you don’t want to take complete charge of your financial future, try and understand where the money is coming and where it is going.

Educate yourself: Personal financial planning and management is not complex. All you need to do is to understand your life goals and plan as per your requirement. You could read some useful books to educate yourself about the subject. Then even if you hire a financial consultant due to lack of time to self manage, you would understand what he/she is doing with your money. Suggested books are given at the end of the article.

Become aware of benefits given to women under different laws: The following are the benefits given to women under different laws:

Income Tax Act, 1961 – Total income of up to Rs 190000 per year is exempted for woman assesses (below 65 years of age)

The rates of income-tax for FY 2009-10 (AY 2010-11):

Married Women’s  Property Act, 1874: Under MWP the spouse can assign his life insurance policy in the name of the trust created for the benefit of his wife and/or children. The money set aside in this form is free from creditors, court or tax attachments (even in case of insolvency) forever, provided that the trust under MWP has not been effected to defraud the creditors. The MWP Act, 1874 creates a ring fence protecting the interests of the beneficiaries and safeguards the family against uncertainty of future and possibility of adverse financial conditions.
Alimony: The purpose of alimony is to avoid any unfair economic consequences of a divorce, even after property is divided and child support, if any, is awarded. For example, a Muslim woman would be entitled to maintenance from her divorced husband as long as she doesn’t remarry.

Estate planning (Wealth Transfer): An effective estate plan can be made by the couple jointly. As the surviving spouse (generally the wife) is likely to end up being the executor of her husband’s estate plan, so ignorance cannot be afforded. It is useful to keep a record of inventory of assets and their beneficiaries for smooth transition of assets to the intended beneficiaries.

These are some important things to consider in your financial planning that are not very different from how a man may approach the same subject. The key is to start early and continue being invested. As a woman, you have a longer life expectancy than a man does. Therefore, your financial planning must encompass the fact that you have more years to fund. Having your finances in order is just one way that you can move toward your ideal lifestyle. Maybe your goal is purchasing the home of your dreams, or going into business for yourself. An active and independent retirement is also a goal. Many people no longer feel confident that they will be able to rely on pensions or social security checks after they have retired. Most goals take more planning than just a savings account and good intentions. Financial Planning involves long term strategic involvement … but it is worth it.

By sticking to your financial plan you can avoid excessive spending and unmanageable debts. You will have a sense of freedom from financial worries that comes with lack of planning, so that you can use your spare time in activities you desire to do but don’t have the time for.As quoted by Diane Ackerman, an American poet, “I don’t want to get to the end of my life and find that I lived just the length of it. I want to have lived it the width of it as well.”

You can take the help of a good financial planner to manage your money. To streamline the paperwork and administrative work of financial planning, many of today’s best advisors turn to technology. Investmentyogi provides you with a personal financial software that aggregates all of your financial investments, savings, accounts, etc. onto one easy-to-use web page – giving you 24/7 access to all of your financial information in just a few clicks of a mouse. Check it everyday, check it once a month, check it once a quarter, it’s up to you. The point is that it is there, organized and at your fingertips, when you need it.